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Setsubun has its origins in tsuina (), a Chinese custom introduced to Japan in the 8th century. [2] It was quite different from the Setsubun known today. According to the Japanese history book Shoku Nihongi, tsuina was first held in Japan in 706, and it was an event to ward off evil spirits held at the court on the last day of the year according to the lunar-solar calendar.
The Kyōgen actor Nomura Mannojō noted that Chinese Nuo rituals 儺 were the 8th-century source for the Japanese tsuina 追儺 or setsubun "ritual to exorcise evil spirits on the last day of winter", and proposed that supernatural power links the Chinese nuo performer fangxiangshi and the Japanese gigaku masked character Chidō 治道 "govern ...
Rozan-ji is known for its Setsubun festivities, particularly the oni-odori, or demon dance, more formally known as tsuinashiki oni hōraku (追儺式鬼法楽), demon exorcising ritual celebration. [5]
The traditional bean-throwing custom to drive out oni is practiced during Setsubun festival in February. It involves people casting roasted soybeans indoors or out of their homes and shouting "Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!" ("鬼は外！福は内！", "Oni go out! Blessings come in!"), preferably by a strong wrestler. [30] [31]
Day before the first day of spring (usually Feb. 3) - Setsubun Matsuri (節分祭) at Tsurugaoka Hachiman, Kenchō-ji, Hase-dera, Kamakura-gū, etc. : Celebration of the end of winter. [1] Beans are scattered in the air to ensure good luck. [1]
A setsubun observance in February is the Tsuina-shiki Shinji, which engages hopes for safety in the home and averting misfortune. [6] This Shinto purification ritual is designated as an intangible cultural heritage event. [2] The elaborate ceremony is a pantomime representation of driving out demons or bad spirits. [7]
A Amenonuhoko Azusa Yumi G Gohei (Japanese: 御幣) Goshintai (Japanese: 御神体) H Hama Yumi (Japanese: 破魔弓) Heisoku (Japanese: 幣束) I Imperial Regalia of Japan (Japanese: 三種の神器) K Kagura suzu (Japanese: 神楽鈴) Kusanagi (Japanese: 草薙の剣) Koma-inu (Japanese: 狛犬) M Mitamashiro (Japanese: 御霊代) N Nihongo or Nippongo (Japanese: 日本号) O O-fuda ...
Nuo rituals began as efficacious methods to worship them, Lord Nuo and Lady Nuo. [4] Since the 1980s, Nuo folk religion has undergone a revitalisation in China, and today is a folk religion endorsed by the central government. [5] Nuo priests are classified as 巫 wu (shamans) and their historical precursors were the 方相氏 fangxiangshi.