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The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
Cervical spinal stenosis is one of the most common forms of spinal stenosis, along with lumbar spinal stenosis (which occurs at the level of the lower back instead of the neck). Thoracic spinal stenosis, at the level of the mid-back, is much less common. [2] Cervical spinal stenosis can be far more dangerous by compressing the spinal cord.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A procedure that reaches the cervical spine (neck) through a small incision in the front of the neck. The intervertebral disc is removed and replaced with a small plug of bone or other graft substitute, along with a height restoration device to un-impinge nerves, and in time, the vertebrae will fuse ...
The Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation (ACCF), founded in 2008, promotes 'women's health by eliminating cervical cancer and enabling treatment for women with cervical cancer and related health issues, in Australia and in developing countries.' [174] Ian Frazer, one of the developers of the Gardasil cervical cancer vaccine, is the scientific ...
The impact of craniocervical instability can range from minor symptoms to severe disability in which patients are bed-bound. The constellation of symptoms caused by craniocervical instability is known as "cervico-medullary syndrome" [4] and includes: [5] [6] [7]
The cervical canal is generally lined by "endocervical mucosa" which consists of a single layer of mucinous columnar epithelium. However, after menopause, the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal, and hence the distal part of the cervical canal may be lined by stratified squamous epithelium (conforming to a "type 3 transformation zone").
The cervical plexus is situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and deep cervical fascia. [ 1 ] It is situated anterior to the middle scalene muscle , and levator scapulae muscle .
The cervical discs are affected 8% of the time and the upper-to-mid-back (thoracic) discs only 1–2% of the time. [67] The following locations have no discs and are therefore exempt from the risk of disc herniation: the upper two cervical intervertebral spaces, the sacrum, and the coccyx.