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Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, most often for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture , which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals such as fish, crustaceans , molluscs and so on, in natural or pseudo-natural environments.
The farming of fish is the most common form of aquaculture. It involves raising fish commercially in tanks, fish ponds, or ocean enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery.
[24] [25] This translates, for example, to two thousand pounds of unwanted organisms adhered to what was once a clean 10-pound fish pen net. In South Australia, biofouling weighing 6.5 tonnes (approximately 13,000 pounds) was observed on a fish pen net. [26] This extra burden often results in net breakage and additional maintenance costs.
Raceways at a West Virginia fish hatchery Flow-through raceway system in Masis, Armenia. A raceway, also known as a flow-through system, is an artificial channel used in aquaculture to culture aquatic organisms. Raceway systems are among the earliest methods used for inland aquaculture.
Fish cages containing salmon in Loch Ailort, Scotland, an inshore water. Inshore mariculture is farming marine species such as algae, fish, and shellfish in waters affected by the tide, which include both littoral waters and their estuarine environments, such as bays, brackish rivers, and naturally fed and flushing saltwater ponds.
By submerging cages or shellfish culture systems, wave effects are minimized and interference with boating and shipping is reduced. [2] [14] Offshore farms can be made more efficient and safer if remote control is used, [15] and technologies such as an 18-tonne buoy that feeds and monitors fish automatically over long periods are being ...
Canada has been using the net pen system since the 1970s. [16] Net pen, or cage, technology started to be used seriously in Canada in the early 1980s in New Brunswick when joint government /private projects introduced cage technology from Norway. Cage culture started seriously in B.C. in the late 1980s.
While in the pens, the tuna are fed primarily fresh fish, such as sardines, squid, and mackerel. In the past decade, tuna penning has become a large sector within the fish aquaculture industry, and takes place primarily in the Mediterranean. [2] In 2010, ABT constituted 8% of global fish exports, the majority of which was shipped to Japan. [2]