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According to Maslow, a human is motivated by the level they have not yet reached, and self-actualization cannot be met until each of the lower levels has been fulfilled. [4] Assumptions of Theory Y, in relation to Maslow's hierarchy put an emphasis on employee higher level needs, such as esteem needs and self-actualization. [4]
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a conceptualisation of the needs (or goals) that motivate human behaviour, which was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to Maslow’s original formulation, there are five sets of basic needs that are related to each other in a hierarchy of prepotency (or strength).
Motivation and Personality [1] is a book on psychology by Abraham Maslow, first published in 1954.Maslow's work deals with the subject of the nature of human fulfillment and the significance of personal relationships, implementing a conceptualization of self-actualization. [2]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 February 2025. American psychologist (1908–1970) Abraham Maslow Born April 1, 1908 (1908-04) Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Died June 8, 1970 (1970-06-08) (aged 62) Menlo Park, California, U.S. Education City College of New York Cornell University University of Wisconsin Known for Maslow's hierarchy ...
The ERG theory is a theory of human need proposed by Clayton Alderfer, which developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing needs relating to existence, relatedness and growth. Details of the theory
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest personal aspirational human need in the hierarchy.It represents where one's potential is fully realized after more basic needs, such as for the body and the ego, have been fulfilled.
Maslow had an optimistic and humanistic view of humanity. [7] He regarded people's innate drive towards self-actualization beneficial to society as a whole. [ 8 ] In Maslow's view, once people's basic needs were met, they were free to explore their abilities and strive to further develop those innate abilities. [ 8 ]
Hence, for Maslow transcendence is not so much an extension of his original pyramid as an orthogonal dimension. Theory X, Y and Z all play a role in how a company should manage successfully. Maslow believed the ideal organization would harness the human drive for self-transcendence, as well as the motivations of his original pyramid.