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Nguyễn Trường Tộ was born into a Roman Catholic family in Nghệ An Province in central Vietnam, approximately in the year 1830 (from 1827 to 1830). His native village of Bùi Chu is part of present-day Hung Trung village in Hưng Nguyên district of Nghe An province.
Tự Đức (Hanoi: [tɨ˧˨ ɗɨk̚˧˦], chữ Hán: 嗣 德, lit. ' inheritance of virtues ' , 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm , also Nguyễn Phúc Thì ) was the fourth and last pre-colonial emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam ; he ruled from 1847 to 1883.
"The Imperially Ordered Annotated Text Completely Reflecting the History of Viet") is the history of Vietnam commissioned by the Emperor Tự Đức of the Nguyễn dynasty. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was written in Văn ngôn (which is a form of Classical Chinese used in Vietnam).
The new version was completed and handed over to the emperor in 1835. Still, Minh Mạng was still unsatisfied with its quality; he would personally edit the text later. As a form of political censorship, the emperors often became directly involved in the work's compilation. [9] This custom was abolished after Tự Đức's death. [10]
Minh Mạng's successors, Thiệu Trị (r. 1841–1847) and Tự Đức (r. 1847–1883) would be assailed by serious problems that ultimately decimated the Vietnamese state. In the late 1840s, Vietnam was struck by the global cholera pandemic that killed roughly 8% of the country's population, while the countries isolationist policies damaged ...
A nephew of Tự Đức who was adopted as a son. 16.I: 1879–1954: 1889–1907: Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân: Thành Thái: Son of Dục Đức. Deposed by the French in favor of his son, Duy Tân. 17.I: 1900–1945: 1907–1916: Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San: Duy Tân: Son of Thành Thái. 16.II: 1885–1925: 1916–1925: Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đảo ...
Rehearsing the words of the historical mandarins, Emperor Tự Đức considered these to be "stories referring to buffalo ghosts, snake gods, and myths without standards" and resolutely removed Kinh Dương and Lạc Long from the official history. Author Liam Christopher Kelley commented:
Emperor Tự Đức (r. 1848–1883) of Vietnam. From 1849 to 1862, during the early years of the Vietnamese emperor Tự Đức (r. 1848–1883) of Vietnam, the most intense, brutal and bloodiest anti-Christian persecution ever in history happened in Vietnam, also was the last state-sponsored persecution of Catholic Christians in Vietnam, as a part of Tự Đức's efforts to eradicate every ...