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In science and engineering, root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems. [1] It is widely used in IT operations, manufacturing, telecommunications, industrial process control, accident analysis (e.g., in aviation, [2] rail transport, or nuclear plants), medical diagnosis, the healthcare industry (e.g., for epidemiology ...
FRACAS records the problems related to a product or process and their associated root causes and failure analyses to assist in identifying and implementing corrective actions. The FRACAS method [ 1 ] was developed by the US Govt. and first introduced for use by the US Navy and all department of defense agencies in 1985.
A root cause is the identification and investigation of the source of the problem where the person(s), system, process, or external factor is identified as the cause of the nonconformity. The root cause analysis can be done via 5 Whys or other methods, e.g. an Ishikawa diagram.
The design or process controls in a FMEA can be used in verifying the root cause and Permanent Corrective Action in an 8D. The FMEA and 8D should reconcile each failure and cause by cross documenting failure modes, problem statements and possible causes. Each FMEA can be used as a database of possible causes of failure as an 8D is developed.
For example, "if the air intake is full of water then air conditioning is not working." Elaboration (because air is not able to circulate) gets added as in-between step. linking each of the remaining UDEs to the existing tree by repeating the previous steps. This approach tends to converge on a single root cause.
In this example, five iterations of asking why is sufficient to get to a root cause that can be addressed. [3] The key idea of the method is to encourage the troubleshooter to avoid assumptions and logic traps and instead trace the chain of causality in direct increments from the effect through any layers of abstraction to a root cause that ...
A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process.
In computer security a countermeasure is an action, device, procedure, or technique that reduces a threat, vulnerability, or attack, eliminating or preventing it by minimizing the harm it can cause. It can also include discovering and reporting vunerabilities so that corrective action can be taken.