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Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) [3] is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor's native bus.
A single physical PCI Express bus can be shared in a virtual environment using the SR-IOV specification. [1] [2] The SR-IOV offers different virtual functions to different virtual components (e.g. network adapter) on a physical server machine. SR-IOV uses physical and virtual functions to control or configure PCIe devices.
One of the major improvements the PCI Local Bus had over other I/O architectures was its configuration mechanism. In addition to the normal memory-mapped and I/O port spaces, each device function on the bus has a configuration space, which is 256 bytes long, addressable by knowing the eight-bit PCI bus, five-bit device, and three-bit function numbers for the device (commonly referred to as the ...
The 32-bit PCI bus is carried on the J1 connector, while the J2 connector pins pass through to another connector on the back. CompactPCI is a computer bus interconnect for industrial computers, [1] combining a Eurocard-type connector and PCI signaling and protocols.
In fixed pass-through or GPU pass-through (a special case of PCI pass-through), a GPU is accessed directly by a single virtual machine exclusively and permanently. This technique achieves 96–100% of native performance [ 3 ] and high fidelity, [ 1 ] but the acceleration provided by the GPU cannot be shared between multiple virtual machines.
PCI Express Mini Card (also known as Mini PCI Express, Mini PCIe, Mini PCI-E, mPCIe, and PEM), based on PCI Express, is a replacement for the Mini PCI form factor. It is developed by the PCI-SIG . The host device supports both PCI Express and USB 2.0 connectivity, and each card may use either standard.
A peripheral using the PCI-SIG PCIe Address Translation Services (ATS) Page Request Interface (PRI) extension can detect and signal the need for memory manager services. For system architectures in which port I/O is a distinct address space from the memory address space, an IOMMU is not used when the CPU communicates with devices via I/O ports .
This is sometimes called PCI passthrough. [44] An IOMMU also allows operating systems to eliminate bounce buffers needed to allow themselves to communicate with peripheral devices whose memory address spaces are smaller than the operating system's memory address space, by using memory address translation.