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Texas has been the leading state in petroleum production since discovery of the Spindletop oil field in 1901. [11] As of October 2017, the State of Texas (if treated as its own nation) is the 7th largest oil producing nation in the world, with production totaling approximately 3.78 million barrels (600 thousand cubic meters ) per day of oil ...
Erosion, either Headward erosion of one stream valley upwards into another, or; Lateral erosion of a meander through the higher ground dividing the adjacent streams. Within an area of karst topography, where streams may sink, or flow underground (a sinking or losing stream) and then reappear in a nearby stream valley; Glacier retreat; The ...
The escarpment's features formed by erosion from rivers and streams, creating arroyos and highly diverse terrain, including the large Palo Duro Canyon southeast of Amarillo, Texas. [1] One will notice the change in elevation of several hundred feet while crossing the Caprock Escarpment on Interstate 40 between Adrian, Texas and San Jon, New Mexico.
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [10]: 60–61 [13] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [14] ejecting soil particles. [4]
An important equation for denudation is the stream power law: =, where E is erosion rate, K is the erodibility constant, A is drainage area, S is channel gradient, and m and n are functions that are usually given beforehand or assumed based on the location. [8]
Attrition is the process of erosion that occurs during rock collision and transportation. The transportation of sediment chips and smooths the surfaces of bedrock; this can be through water or wind. [1] Rocks undergoing attrition erosion are often found on or near the bed of a stream. [2]
A concurrent process called lateral erosion refers to the widening of a stream channel or valley. When a stream is high above its base level, downcutting will take place faster than lateral erosion; but as the level of the stream approaches its base level, the rate of lateral erosion increases.
In geology and geomorphology a base level is the lower limit for an erosion process. [1] The modern term was introduced by John Wesley Powell in 1875. [1] The term was subsequently appropriated by William Morris Davis who used it in his cycle of erosion theory.