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Map indicating federal subjects containing closed cities used for nuclear research and development. Closed cities were established in the Soviet Union from the late 1940s onwards under the euphemistic name of "post boxes", referring to the practice of addressing post to them via mailboxes in other cities. They fell into two distinct categories.
Closed cities — Cities and Towns (mostly in the former Soviet Union and/or present day Russian Federation) with travel and/or residency restrictions, and preauthorization requirements to enter and/or remain.
Naukograd (Russian: наукогра́д, IPA: [nəʊkɐˈgrat], also technopole), meaning "science city", is a formal term for towns with high concentrations of research and development facilities in Russia and the Soviet Union, some specifically built by the Soviet Union for these purposes.
Until 1994, it was known as Chelyabinsk-65, and even earlier, as Chelyabinsk-40 (the digits are the last digits of the postal code, and the name is that of the nearest big city, which was a common practice of giving names to closed towns). Codenamed City 40, Ozersk was the birthplace of the Soviet nuclear weapons program after the Second World War.
As is the tradition with Soviet towns containing secret facilities, "Krasnoyarsk-26" is actually a P.O. Box number and implies that the place is located some distance from the city of Krasnoyarsk. The town was also known as Soctown , Iron City , the Nine , [ 9 ] and Atom Town .
It was successively known as Kasli-2 (1957–1959), Chelyabinsk-50 (1959–1966), and Chelyabinsk-70 (1966–1993), after the relatively close city of Chelyabinsk. During the Soviet era, Snezhinsk was a closed city: it was not shown on maps and civil overflights were forbidden.
Zelenogorsk (Russian: Зеленогорск, IPA: [zʲɪlʲɪnɐˈgorsk]) is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kan River 180 kilometers (110 mi) above its confluence with the Yenisei River.
This page was last edited on 12 October 2020, at 08:33 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.