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In organic chemistry, a ketone / ˈ k iː t oʊ n / is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; Wikidata item; ... Other carbonyl (C=O) containing classes that are not ketones: Aldehydes ...
If a prefix form is required, "oxo-" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCH 2 COOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid. If the carbon in the carbonyl group cannot be included in the attached chain (for instance in the case of cyclic aldehydes ), the prefix "formyl-" or the suffix "-carbaldehyde" is used: C 6 ...
Transition metal complexes of aldehydes and ketones describes coordination complexes with aldehyde (RCHO) and ketone (R 2 CO) ligands. Because aldehydes and ketones are common, the area is of fundamental interest. Some reactions that are useful in organic chemistry involve such complexes.
For example, there are at least two isomers of the linear form of pentanone, a ketone that contains a chain of exactly five carbon atoms. There is an oxygen atom bonded to one of the middle three carbons (if it were bonded to an end carbon, the molecule would be an aldehyde , not a ketone), but it is not clear where it is located.
Fructose, an example of a ketose. The ketone group is the double-bonded oxygen. In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. [1] [2] The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH 2 OH) 2 C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity.
However, in order for anomers to exist, the sugar must be in its cyclic form, since in open-chain form, the anomeric carbon atom is planar and thus achiral. More formally stated, then, an anomer is an epimer at the hemiacetal/hemiketal carbon atom in a cyclic saccharide. [1] Anomerization is the process of conversion of one anomer to the other.
A classic example for favoring the keto form can be seen in the equilibrium between vinyl alcohol and acetaldehyde (K = [enol]/[keto] ≈ 3 × 10 −7). In 1,3-diketones, such as acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione), the enol form is more favored. The acid-catalyzed conversion of an enol to the keto form proceeds by proton transfer from O to carbon.