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  2. Law of one price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_one_price

    Although there is a small spread between these two values the law of one price applies (to each). No trader will sell the commodity at a lower price than the market maker's bid-level or buy at a higher price than the market maker's offer-level. [8] In either case moving away from the prevailing price would either leave no takers, or be charity.

  3. Incoterms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoterms

    Incoterms inform sales contracts defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from the seller to the buyer, but they do not themselves conclude a contract, determine the price payable, currency or credit terms, govern contract law or define where title to goods transfers.

  4. Take-or-pay contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-or-pay_contract

    This "penalty" price may be lower, say $40 a ton. Take-or-pay clauses are common in the energy industry and, in particular, for gas sales ; see volume risk . The High Court in England and Wales recognises such clauses as "a familiar provision in commercial contracts", but also notes that they have been a source of commercial dispute "for more ...

  5. Contract for difference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_for_difference

    In finance, a contract for difference (CFD) is a financial agreement between two parties, commonly referred to as the "buyer" and the "seller." The contract stipulates that the buyer will pay the seller the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at the time the contract was initiated.

  6. Mirror image rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_image_rule

    In the United States, this rule still exists at common law. However, the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with it in § 2-207 (but it can also be argued that § 2-207(1) enforces the mirror image rule). [6] Therefore, its applicability depends upon what law governs. Most states have adopted the UCC, which governs transactions in goods.

  7. Contract price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_price

    In contract law the contract price is a material term. The contract price is the price for the goods or services to be received in the contract. The contract price helps to determine whether a contract may exist. If the contract price is not included in the written contract, then upon litigation the court may hold that a contract did not exist.

  8. Exportation (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exportation_(logic)

    where the rule is that wherever an instance of "()" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "()", and vice versa. Import-export is a name given to the statement as a theorem or truth-functional tautology of propositional logic:

  9. Hicks–Marshall laws of derived demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicks–Marshall_laws_of...

    When the price elasticity of demand for the product being produced is high (scale effect). So when final product demand is elastic, an increase in wages will lead to a large change in the quantity of the final product demanded affecting employment greatly.