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On the London Underground, fluffers or track cleaning teams are people employed to clean the tracks in the tunnels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The passage of the trains through the tunnels draws in dust and rubbish, and removing this debris is essential to maintain the safety of the Underground, as it would otherwise create a fire hazard.
The term HOn30 (and sometimes HOn2½) is generally used when modelling American prototypes while H0e is used for European prototypes. In Britain, the term OO9 is used. [1] All these terms refer to models of narrow-gauge railways built to the world's most popular model railway scale of HO (1:87) but using a track gauge of 9 mm (0.354 in)—the gauge used for N scale models of standard-gauge ...
Over time, Loram replaced its large work crews with automated machines which can clean ballast 2 to 2.5 feet (0.61 to 0.76 m) in depth. [5] LORAM Ballast Cleaner in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada on July 4th, 2019. The company's first mechanical products were the Mannix Sled and Mannix Plow, [6] both developed in the late 1950s.
The term N gauge refers to the track dimensions, but in the United Kingdom in particular British N gauge refers to a 1:148 scale with 1:160 (9 mm or 0.354 in) track gauge modelling. The terms N scale and N gauge are often inaccurately used interchangeably, as scale is defined as ratio or proportion of the model, and gauge only as a distance ...
This scale is today the most popular modelling scale in the UK, although it once had some following in the US (on 19 mm / 0.748 in gauge track) before World War II. 00 or "Double-Oh", together with EM gauge and P4 standards are all to 4 mm scale as the scale is the same, but the track standards are incompatible. 00 uses the same track as HO (16 ...
Mini-Club was developed as Märklin's answer to Arnold Rapido's introduction of N gauge. Today, Märklin manufactures and markets trains and accessories in Gauge 1, HO scale, and Z scale. In 1994 Märklin acquired the Nuremberg based model train manufacturer Trix producing DC-operated HO and N scale. Märklin's older trains are considered ...
The scales used include the general European modelling range of Z, N, TT, H0, 0 and also the large model engineering gauges of I to X, including 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5, 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 and 10 + 1 ⁄ 4-inch gauge. As 00 is a particularly British scale, it is not included within this pan-European standard. However the predominantly US imperial-based S scale ...
When H0 scale was being introduced, the motors available were too large [4] to fit in scale-sized bodies and so as a compromise the scale was increased from 3.5 mm to 4 mm to the foot, but the gauge was not changed so other elements could be shared. For 00 therefore the track is about 12.5% narrower than it should be for the scale used.