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Gustavus Adolphus (9 December [N.S 19 December] 1594 – 6 November [N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, [1] was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited with the rise of Sweden as a great European power (Swedish: Stormaktstiden).
Gustavus Adolfus began his new campaign into northern Bavaria by attacking the fortress city of Würzburg on the Main. His army conquered the Marienberg fortress in Würzburg on 18 October 1631. The fortress was held by the Swedish and their allies until 1635. Aldolfus also captured Frankfurt am Main and Mainz by winter 1631. [126]
Gustav Adolf was born in Stockholm on 1 November 1778 as the son of Gustav III and queen Sophia Magdalena. His mother was the eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain. Gustav Adolf was under the tutelage of Hedvig Sofia von Rosen and her deputies Brita Ebba Celestina von Stauden and Maria Aurora Uggla until the age ...
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 16 November 1632, [c] is considered one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years' War.Led by the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus, an Allied army primarily composed of troops from Sweden, Saxony, and Hesse-Kassel, narrowly defeated an Imperial force under Albrecht von Wallenstein.
Gustavus Adolphus and fresh reinforcements arrived on May 15, 1628. The Swedish army in Poland is at this point consisted of upwards of 31,000 men, which was the largest army that Gustavus had ever commanded at that point. [9]
Gustavus Adolphus had thus taken control of the entire territory northeast of Frankfurt and was able to exert diplomatic pressure on the Protestant electors. In May 1631, he marched his troops against Potsdam and Berlin , held by his brother-in-law, Elector George William of Brandenburg , and succeeded in capturing the fortress of Spandau .
Upon inheriting the Swedish throne in 1611, Gustav II Adolf (Gustavus Adolphus in Latin) also inherited three ongoing wars where Sweden was hopelessly outmatched by its wealthier neighbors. The young king saw the need of a strong military force if Sweden was to survive as a nation, and thus he began reforming the army with inspiration from the ...
Gustavus Adolphus Day (Swedish: Gustav Adolfsdagen) is celebrated in Sweden on 6 November in memory of King Gustavus Adolphus. Observing the day became popular after 1832, the 200th anniversary of the king's death in 1632. It is a general flag flying day in Sweden. Today it is mainly connected with the consumption of Gustavus Adolphus pastries.