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These three pressures, the static pressure, the stagnation pressure, and the residual pressure, along with a specified design pressure of 20psi taken from the American Water Works Association (AWWA) or the NFPA are input into the Hazen-Williams formula to calculate the available flow for fire protection.
In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available ...
The hydraulic calculation procedure is defined in the applicable reference model codes such as that published by the US-based National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), [2] or the EN 12845 standard, Fixed firefighting system – Automatic sprinkler systems – Design, installation and maintenance.
A fire sprinkler mounted on a ceiling. A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.
The user (most likely a fire department) attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350 kilopascals (51 psi); this pressure varies according to region and depends on various factors (including the size and location of the attached water main).
A simplified version of the definition is: The k v factor of a valve indicates "The water flow in m 3 /h, at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 kgf/cm 2 when the valve is completely open. The complete definition also says that the flow medium must have a density of 1000 kg/m 3 and a kinematic viscosity of 10 −6 m 2 /s , e.g. water.
Residential sprinkler system: A sprinkler system arranged for fire suppression in a dwelling. Residual pressure: When a pumper is taking its water supply from a hydrant the engineer must make sure the pump is not taking every last bit of the pressure the hydrant is able to provide. Some residual pressure must be allowed to remain to provide a ...