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Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. It is now produced via chemical routes. Blue colorants are rare.
The indigo dyeing process is centred in the Naju area, where regular flooding of the Yeongsan River provides an ideal wetland environment for the indigo plant. [2] The plants are harvested in July, before they flower, and the leaves are stored in earthenware jars of water for several days to extract the pigment.
In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years. [2] The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. Typically, the dye material is put in a pot of water and heated to extract the dye compounds into solution with the water.
True indigo is a shrub 1–2 metres (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) high. It may be an annual, biennial, or perennial, depending on the climate in which it is grown. It has light green pinnate leaves and sheafs of pink or violet flowers. The rotenoids deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin and sumatrol can be found in I. tinctoria. [3]
The flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds are edible. [8] The tree is harvested from the wild as a medicine and source of a dye and wood. Leaves are extracted as fodder for livestock. The leaves, flowers, fruits and roots are sources of indigo-yielding glucoside, which produces a blue dye or indigo- like dye
Small flowers grow in the leaf axils from long peduncles or spikes, their petals come in hues of red or purple, but there are a few greenish-white and yellow-flowered species. [ 4 ] : 341 Indigofera flowers have open carpels , their organ primordial [ clarification needed ] is often formed at deeper layers than other eudicots . [ 5 ]
Indigofera galegoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to India, South East Asia, Malesia, and southern China. [1] It is a shrub usually 2 m (6 ft) high and indigo dye may be extracted from it by the same harvesting and processing methods as Indigofera tinctoria. [2] It grows in open places and valleys. [3]
Although sometimes considered a dye, indigo is a pigment (insoluble in water). Unlike many traditional mineral-based blues, indigo is an organic compound. It was once obtained by laborious extraction from various plants. Subsequent to the discovery of synthetic dyes, such as mauvine, a chemical route was discovered to this material. In 2022 ...