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The Age of Iron in South Asia: Legacy and Tradition. Aryan Books International. Tylecote, R.F. (1975). A History of Metallurgy. Great Britain: Institute of Materials. Waldbaum, J.C. (1978). From Bronze to Iron: The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. 54– 55. P. Aström. ISBN 978-91-85058-79-2.
Note: René Haüy discovered that emeralds and beryls crystals are geometrically identical. He asked Vauquelin for a chemical analysis, and so Vauquelin found a new "earth" (beryllium oxide). Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742 –1786), discovery of oxygen with Priestley; identification of molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen, and chlorine.
For example, a dagger made of meteoric iron was found in the tomb of Tutankhamun, containing similar proportions of iron, cobalt, and nickel to a meteorite discovered in the area, deposited by an ancient meteor shower. [88] [89] [90] Items that were likely made of iron by Egyptians date from 3000 to 2500 BC. [86]
By this time, Chinese metallurgists had discovered how to fine molten pig iron, stirring it in the open air until it lost its carbon and could be hammered (wrought). In modern Mandarin-Chinese, this process is now called chao, literally stir frying. Pig iron is known as 'raw iron', while wrought iron is known as 'cooked iron'.
3rd century – Cast iron widely used in Han dynasty China; 300 – Greek alchemist Zomius, summarizing the work of Egyptian alchemists, describes arsenic and lead acetate [1] 4th century – Iron pillar of Delhi is the oldest surviving example of corrosion-resistant steel; 8th century – Porcelain is invented in Tang dynasty China
Wollaston discovered and isolated it from crude platinum samples from South America. [116] 53 Iodine: 1811 B. Courtois: 1811 B. Courtois Courtois discovered it in the ashes of seaweed. [117] The name iode was given in French by Gay-Lussac and published in 1813. [52] Davy gave it the English name iodine in 1814. [52] 3 Lithium: 1817 A. Arfwedson ...
Jōmon pottery, Japanese Stone Age Trundholm sun chariot, Nordic Bronze Age Iron Age house keys Cave of Letters, Nahal Hever Canyon, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. The three-age system is the periodization of human prehistory (with some overlap into the historical periods in a few regions) into three time-periods: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, [1] [2] although the concept may ...
The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...