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Double-muscled cattle are breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known mutations that limits and reduces the activity of the myostatin protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of muscle fibers present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth.
Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7] Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family. [8] [9] Myostatin is assembled and produced in skeletal muscle before it is released into the blood stream. [10]
In addition, a newborn double-muscled calf's birth weight is significantly greater than that of a normal calf. [6] Belgian Blue cattle have improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) due to lower feed intake compared to weight gain [6] due to an altered composition of body weight gain which includes increased protein and decreased fat deposition. [6]
The active-myostatin gene acts as a "governor" on muscle growth; myostatin is a protein that instructs muscles to stop growing. In effect, when inactive, as it is with Piedmontese cattle, it no longer prevents muscle development which is what allows for the hypertrophic condition sometimes referred to as "double muscling". [7]
They average 20% more muscle with less bone and fat. [12] Research indicates that there is less connective tissue within the muscle of "double-muscled" cattle; this would imply less background toughness and therefore more tender meat. [13] Naturalean bull calf already showing desired double muscling
Cottage cheese is also quite high in protein, containing 12 grams per half-cup serving. Depending on the type of cottage cheese you buy, it may also provide some satisfying fat.
The resulting partially active protein results in Limousins having intermediate muscle development, which avoids the extreme muscling and associated disadvantages of double muscled cattle. [ 53 ] A Limousin/ Jersey backcross study conducted in Australia and New Zealand to investigate the effects of the F94L myostatin variant [ 54 ] concluded ...
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