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The recommended dosage for suppression therapy for recurrent outbreaks is 1,000 mg of valacyclovir once a day or 400 mg Acyclovir taken twice a day. In addition to preventing outbreaks, these medications greatly reduce the chance of infecting someone while the patient is not having an outbreak. [citation needed]
Valaciclovir, also spelled valacyclovir, is an antiviral medication used to treat outbreaks of herpes simplex or herpes zoster (shingles). [2] It is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus following a kidney transplant in high risk cases. [2] It is taken by mouth. [2] Common side effects include headache and vomiting. [2]
Once infected further outbreaks may occur but are generally milder. [1] The disease is typically spread by direct genital contact with the skin surface or secretions of someone who is infected. [1] This may occur during sex, including anal, oral, and manual sex. [1] [5] Sores are not required for transmission to occur. [1]
During recurrence, fewer lesions are likely to develop and are less painful and heal faster (within 5–10 days without antiviral treatment) than those occurring during the primary infection. [16] Subsequent outbreaks tend to be periodic or episodic, occurring on average four or five times a year when not using antiviral therapy.
About 2.5 per 1000 people are affected with outbreaks in any given year. [1] After one episode about 33% of people develop subsequent episodes. [1] Onset often occurs in those less than 20 years old and 80% develop antibodies for the virus by this age. [1] In those with recurrent outbreaks, these typically happen less than three times a year. [10]
Aciclovir risks causing resistance to antiviral agents, and in 1% to 10% of cases can cause unpleasant side effects. [19] Aciclovir taken by mouth does not appear to decrease the risk of pain after shingles. [20] In those with herpes of the eye, aciclovir may be more effective and safer than idoxuridine. [21]
Outbreak response or outbreak control measures are acts which attempt to minimize the spread of or effects of a disease outbreak.Outbreak response includes aspects of general disease control such as maintaining adequate hygiene, but may also include responses that extend beyond traditional healthcare settings and are unique to an outbreak, such as physical distancing, contact tracing, mapping ...
It usually manifests in 1–3 hours after the first dose of antibiotics as fever, chills, rigor, hypotension, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, vasodilation with flushing, myalgia (muscle pain), exacerbation of skin lesions and anxiety. The intensity of the reaction indicates the severity of inflammation.