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Using liquid methane and liquid oxygen as propellants is sometimes called methalox ... 3.30 3692 1.10 1889 F 2:O 2 70:30 RP-1: 3377 3.84 4361 1.20 2106 3955 3.84 ...
Russia is also working to switch the Soyuz-2 from RP-1 to "naftil" [10] or "naphthyl". [11] [12] After the RP-1 standard, RP-2 was developed. The primary difference is an even lower sulfur content. However, as most users accept RP-1, there was little incentive to produce and stock a second, even rarer and more expensive formulation.
One of the most efficient mixtures, oxygen and hydrogen, suffers from the extremely low temperatures required for storing liquid hydrogen (around 20 K or −253.2 °C or −423.7 °F) and very low fuel density (70 kg/m 3 or 4.4 lb/cu ft, compared to RP-1 at 820 kg/m 3 or 51 lb/cu ft), necessitating large tanks that must also be lightweight and ...
Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Status Use Propellant Power cycle Specific impulse (s) [a] Thrust (N) [a] Chamber pressure (bar) Mass (kg) Thrust: weight ratio [b] Oxidiser: fuel ratio
Dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and hydrazine (N 2 H 4), MMH, or UDMH. Used in military, orbital, and deep space rockets because both liquids are storable for long periods at reasonable temperatures and pressures. N 2 O 4 /UDMH is the main fuel for the Proton rocket, older Long March rockets (LM 1-4), PSLV, Fregat, and Briz-M upper stages.
Merlin 1 is a family of LOX/RP-1 rocket engines developed 2003–2012. Merlin 1A and Merlin 1B utilized an ablatively-cooled carbon-fiber composite nozzle. Merlin 1A produced 340 kilonewtons (76,000 lb f) of thrust and was used to power the first stage of the first two Falcon 1 flights in 2006 and 2007.
LOX has a density of 1.14 g/ml, while on the other hand, hypergolic oxidizers such as nitric acid or nitrogen tetroxide have a density of 1.55 g/ml and 1.45 g/ml respectively. LH2 fuel offers extremely high performance, yet its density only warrants its usage in the largest of rocket stages, while mixtures of hydrazine and UDMH have a density ...
is the standard gravity (in m/s 2 or ft/s 2). In rockets, due to atmospheric effects, the specific impulse varies with altitude, reaching a maximum in a vacuum. This is because the exhaust velocity is not simply a function of the chamber pressure, but is a function of the difference between the interior and exterior of the combustion chamber .