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E-factors can be combined to assess multi-step reactions step by step or in one calculation. E-factors ignore recyclable factors such as recycled solvents and re-used catalysts, which obviously increases the accuracy but ignores the energy involved in the recovery (these are often included theoretically by assuming 90% solvent recovery).
An emission intensity (also carbon intensity or C.I.) is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP).
For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of NOx to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion exhaust gas corrected to 3 volume percent O 2. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2 .
Air pollution emission source. Types of air pollutant emission sources – named for their characteristics Sources, by shape – there are four basic shapes which an emission source may have. They are: Point source – single, identifiable source of air pollutant emissions (for example, the emissions from a combustion furnace flue gas stack ...
As an example, a measured NO x concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas having 5 volume % O 2 is: 45 × ( 20.9 - 3 ) ÷ ( 20.9 - 5 ) = 50.7 ppmv of NO x. when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O 2 content of 3 volume %. Note: The measured gas concentration C m must first be corrected to a dry basis before using the above equation.
Accidental release source terms are the mathematical equations that quantify the flow rate at which accidental releases of liquid or gaseous pollutants into the ambient environment which can occur at industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and gas transportation pipelines, chemical plants, and many other industrial activities.
[1] [2] It is a concrete form of the more general I = PAT equation [3] relating factors that determine the level of human impact on climate. Although the terms in the Kaya identity would in theory cancel out, it is useful in practice to calculate emissions in terms of more readily available data, namely population, GDP per capita, energy per ...
The fuel factor, f o, is the ratio of created CO 2 to depleted oxygen in a combustion reaction, used to check the accuracy of an emission measurement system. [1] It can be calculated using the equation f o = (20.9 - %O 2)/%CO 2,