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  2. Population bottleneck - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_bottleneck

    A slightly different form of bottleneck can occur if a small group becomes reproductively (e.g., geographically) separated from the main population, such as through a founder event, e.g., if a few members of a species successfully colonize a new isolated island, or from small captive breeding programs such as animals at a zoo.

  3. Genetic drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift

    The impact of a population bottleneck can be sustained, even when the bottleneck is caused by a one-time event such as a natural catastrophe. An interesting example of a bottleneck causing unusual genetic distribution is the relatively high proportion of individuals with total rod cell color blindness ( achromatopsia ) on Pingelap atoll in ...

  4. Genetic divergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_divergence

    Another possible cause of genetic divergence is the bottleneck effect. The bottleneck effect is when an event, such as a natural disaster, causes a large portion of the population to die. By chance, certain genetic patterns will be overrepresented in the remaining population, which is similar to what happens with the founder effect. [4]

  5. Heteroplasmy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroplasmy

    Intercellular ("between cells") selection occurs on a larger scale, and refers to the preferential growth of cells that have greater numbers of a certain mitochondrial genotype. [8] Selective differences can occur between naturally occurring, non-pathological mtDNA types when mixed in cells, and may depend on tissue type, age, and genetic ...

  6. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    A bottleneck can reduce or eliminate genetic variation from a population. Further drift events after the bottleneck event can also reduce the population's genetic diversity. The lack of diversity created can make the population at risk to other selective pressures. [36] A common example of a population bottleneck is the Northern elephant seal ...

  7. Population structure (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_structure...

    Other causes include gene flow from migrations, population bottlenecks and expansions, founder effects, evolutionary pressure, random chance, and (in humans) cultural factors. Even in lieu of these factors, individuals tend to stay close to where they were born, which means that alleles will not be distributed at random with respect to the full ...

  8. Loss of heterozygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_heterozygosity

    The remaining copy of the tumor suppressor gene can be inactivated by a point mutation or via other mechanisms, resulting in a loss of heterozygosity event, and leaving no tumor suppressor gene to protect the body. Loss of heterozygosity does not imply a homozygous state (which would require the presence of two identical alleles in the cell).

  9. Fixation (population genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_(population_genetics)

    This ultimately caused gene fixation of the Adh1 wild type allele. The Adh1 mutation was lost in the experimented population. [10] In 2014, Lee, Langley, and Begun conducted another research study related to gene fixation. They focused on Drosophila melanogaster population data and the effects of genetic hitchhiking caused by selective sweeps ...