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The 1834 Royal Census of Puerto Rico established that 11% of the population were slaves, 35% were colored freemen (also known as free people of color in French colonies, meaning free mixed-race/black people), and 54% were white. [24]
Some slaves even participated in El Grito de Lares, Puerto Rico's independence revolt against Spanish rule on September 23, 1868. On March 22, 1873, slavery was finally "abolished" in Puerto Rico but with one significant caveat: the slaves were not fully emancipated — they had to buy their own freedom at whatever price was set by their ...
The Royal census of Puerto Rico in 1834 established that the island's population as 42,000 enslaved Africans, 25,000 colored freemen, 189,000 people who identified themselves as whites and 101,000 who were described as being of mixed ethnicity."
Their mixed-race descendants formed the first generations of the early Puerto Rican and Cuban populations. [63] On March 22, 1873, Spain abolished slavery in Puerto Rico. The owners were compensated. The slaves had little choice but to adapt. Many converted to Christianity and were given their masters' surnames. [63]
Following the decline of the Taíno population, more slaves were brought to Puerto Rico; however, the number of slaves on the island paled in comparison to those in neighboring islands. [18] Also, early in the colonization of Puerto Rico, attempts were made to wrest control of Puerto Rico from Spain.
Puerto Rico is an unincorporated U.S. territory with a population of about 3.2 million people. It is officially known both as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and as the Estado Libre Asociado de ...
Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa, starting in the early 16th century and lasting through the 19th century, to replace the local Indian slaves who had been decimated. [7] The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major ...
Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa starting in 1513 and through the 18th century to replace the local native "Indian" slaves who had been decimated. [4] The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto ...