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Human presence in outer space began with the first launches of artificial object in the mid 20th century, and has increased to the point where Earth is orbited by a vast number of artificial objects and the far reaches of the Solar System have been visited and explored by a range of space probes.
The environmental conditions in space are harsh and require extensive equipment for survival and completion of daily activities. [2] There are many environmental factors to consider both inside and outside of a spacecraft that astronauts work in. [2] These factors include but are not limited to movement during weightlessness, general equipment necessary to travel to the desired destination in ...
Yuri Gagarin was the first human in space and the first in Earth orbit, on Vostok 1. 17 July 1962 or 19 July 1963 Either Robert M. White or Joseph A. Walker (depending on the definition of the space border) was the first to pilot a spaceplane, the North American X-15, on 17 July 1962 (White) or 19 July 1963 (Walker). 18 March 1965
The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limit the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.
Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit.
The scientific study of the heliosphere is heliophysics, which includes space weather and space climate. Flowing unimpeded through the Solar System for billions of kilometers, the solar wind extends far beyond even the region of Pluto until it encounters the " termination shock ", where its motion slows abruptly due to the outside pressure of ...
Radiant energy – (≥0), energy of electromagnetic radiation including light and of gravitational radiation; Renewable energy – energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale; Rest energy – (≥0) given by E = mc 2, where m is an object's rest mass; Solar energy; Surface energy; Sustainable energy
Adequate energy (caloric) intake is a necessary requirement for humans living and working in space, and much attention has been focused on this requirement. Less effort has been spent on understanding how the caloric heat generated by energy expenditure is handled by humans whose physiologic responses to heat may be altered in the unique ...