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Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood is a neurological disorder that causes vertigo, a type of dizziness, in children. It is one of the most common causes of vertigo in children and is considered a subtype of migraine. BPVC is characterized by repeated, sudden episodes of vertigo that stop without intervention, typically lasting a few minutes.
The symptoms of vestibulocerebellar syndrome vary among patients but are typically a unique combination of ocular abnormalities including nystagmus, poor or absent smooth pursuit (ability of the eyes to follow a moving object), strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), diplopia (double vision), oscillopsia (the sensation that stationary objects in the visual field are oscillating) and abnormal ...
It is most common in children, especially those younger than age 3, and usually occurs several weeks following a viral infection. Viral infections that may cause it include chickenpox , Coxsackie disease (also called hand-foot-and-mouth disease), Epstein–Barr virus (a common human virus that belongs to the herpes family), influenza , [ 2 ...
Motion sickness is common and is related to vestibular migraine. It is nausea and vomiting in response to motion and is typically worse if the journey is on a winding road or involves many stops and starts, or if the person is reading in a moving car. It is caused by a mismatch between visual input and vestibular sensation.
The vestibular system, which sends information to the brain via cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve), plays a major role in motion sickness, and is rich in muscarinic receptors and histamine H 1 receptors. [8] [9] The cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) is activated when the pharynx is irritated, leading to a gag reflex.
However, the most common subcategories can be broken down as follows: 40% peripheral vestibular dysfunction, 10% central nervous system lesion, 15% psychiatric disorder, 25% presyncope/disequilibrium, and 10% nonspecific dizziness. [14] Some vestibular pathologies have symptoms that are comorbid with mental disorders. [15]
Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is an autosomal recessive late-onset heredodegenerative multisystem neurological disease. The symptoms include poor balance and difficulty walking. Chronic cough and difficulty swallowing may also be present.
In fact, the vestibular system is not necessary at all to maintain standing balance unless information from the other two systems becomes inadequate. [ 17 ] Keeping one foot flat on the ground while trying to sleep is one popular self-treatment for people whose dizziness is exacerbated by lying down with eyes closed.