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The late Romanesque tympanum of Vézelay Abbey, Burgundy, France, 1130s. A tympanum (pl.: tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. [1] It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ...
The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects. [ 1 ] Using sound, vertebrates and many insects are capable of sensing their prey, identifying and locating their predators, warning other individuals, and locating potential mates and rivals by hearing the ...
Tympanum (anatomy), a hearing organ/gland in frogs and toads, a flat red oval on both sides of a frog's head; Tympanum, in biology, the eardrum; Tympanum, or tympanal organ, a hearing organ in insects; Tympanum (hand drum), a percussion instrument in ancient Greece and Rome; Timpano, in music, singular of timpani, a kettledrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
The tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face. The main variant shapes are the "segmental", "curved", or "arch" pediment, where the straight line triangle of the cornice is replaced by a curve making a segment of a circle, the broken pediment where the cornice has a gap at the apex, [ 6 ] and the open pediment , with a ...
tympanal membrane (tympanum): very thin membrane, transparent when dry, of the auditory organ; conjunctivum: membrane immediately connected with the tympanum; praecinctorium: median expansion of the intersegmental thoraco-abdominal membrane. In the Pyralidae type it is usually very simple. It is more developed in the Crambidae type.
Pedimental sculpture is a form of architectural sculpture designed for installation in the tympanum, the space enclosed by the architectural element called the pediment. Originally a feature of Ancient Greek architecture , pedimental sculpture started as a means to decorate a pediment in its simplest form: a low triangle, like a gable , above ...
The sheer size of the tympanum required that double lintels support it with a middle column to further support the sculpture. The left side of the tympanum displays the rise to the heavenly kingdom, and on the right is a portrayal of the demons in hell with an angel and a devil weighing the souls on a balance. [18]