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An ion trap, used for precision measurements of radium ions, inside a vacuum chamber. View ports surrounding the chamber allow laser light to be directed into the trap. An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a
The velocity of the charged particle after acceleration will not change since it moves in a field-free time-of-flight tube. The velocity of the particle can be determined in a time-of-flight tube since the length of the path (d) of the flight of the ion is known and the time of the flight of the ion (t) can be measured using a transient digitizer or time to digital converter.
In experimental physics, a quadrupole ion trap or paul trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also called radio frequency (RF) traps or Paul traps in honor of Wolfgang Paul , who invented the device [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work. [ 3 ]
A TOF mass spectrometer can also have a low-duty cycle when coupled with a continuous ion source. Combining an ion trap with a TOF mass analyzer can improve the duty cycle. Both 3D and linear traps have been combined with TOF mass analyzers. A trap can also add MSn capabilities to the system. [1]
Time of flight (ToF) is the measurement of the time taken by an object, particle or wave (be it acoustic, electromagnetic, etc.) to travel a distance through a medium. This information can then be used to measure velocity or path length, or as a way to learn about the particle or medium's properties (such as composition or flow rate).
The two Penning traps following the MR-ToF are the preparation Penning trap and the precision Penning trap. [4] The preparation Penning trap, a large cylindrical trap, is placed in the uniform field of a superconducting magnet. [13] [12] The ions are captured and, with high-selectivity, cooled by mass. [14]
The first (Q 1) and third (Q 3) quadrupoles act as mass filters, and the middle (q 2) quadrupole is employed as a collision cell. This collision cell is an RF-only quadrupole (non-mass filtering) using Ar, He, or N 2 gas (~10 −3 Torr, ~30 eV) for collision induced dissociation of selected parent ion(s) from Q 1.
Diagram of an electrostatic analyzer in the hemispherical geometry. Only ions of a selected energy pass through to the detector. As opposed to TOF analyzers, electrostatic analyzers achieve ion energy resolution using electrostatic deflectors to direct only ions of a particular energy range into a collector, while all other ions are redirected.