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The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
The C shell can also read commands from a file, called a script. Like all Unix shells, it supports filename wildcarding, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables and control structures for condition-testing and iteration. What differentiated the C shell from others, especially in the 1980s, were its interactive features and ...
In the case of an interactive shell, that is usually the text terminal which initiated the program. The file descriptor for standard output is 1 (one); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDOUT_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> variable is FILE* stdout; similarly, the C++ <iostream> variable is std::cout.
conio.h is a C header file used mostly by MS-DOS compilers to provide console input/output. [1] It is not part of the C standard library or ISO C, nor is it defined by POSIX. This header declares several useful library functions for performing "istream input and output" from a program.
An escape sequence changes how the compiler interprets character data in a literal. For example, \n does not represent a backslash followed by the letter n. The backslash escapes the compiler's normal, literal way of interpreting character data. After a backslash, the compiler expects subsequent characters to complete one of the defined escape ...
In DOS and Windows (and in CP/M and many DEC operating systems such as the PDP-6 monitor, [3] RT-11, VMS or TOPS-10 [4]), reading from the terminal will never produce an EOF. Instead, programs recognize that the source is a terminal (or other "character device") and interpret a given reserved character or sequence as an end-of-file indicator ...
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [1] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [2] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. [3]
Similarly, a variable CPPFLAGS exists with switches to be passed to the C or C++ preprocessor. Similarly, FFLAGS enables the addition of switches for a Fortran compiler. These variables are most commonly used to specify optimization or debugging switches to a compiler, as for example -g , -O2 or ( GCC -specific) -march=athlon .