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Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus). [1] Symptoms include projectile vomiting without the presence of bile . [ 1 ] This most often occurs after the baby is fed. [ 1 ]
Newborns present with bilious or non-bilous vomiting (depending on where in the duodenum the obstruction is) within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth, typically after their first oral feeding. Radiography shows a distended stomach and distended duodenum, which are separated by the pyloric valve, a finding described as the double-bubble sign.
Symptoms include abdominal pain which may come and go, vomiting, abdominal bloating, and bloody stool. [1] It often results in a small bowel obstruction. [1] Other complications may include peritonitis or bowel perforation. [1] The cause in children is typically unknown; in adults a lead point is sometimes present. [1]
[5] [1] Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis is a gastrointestinal tract defect, most commonly seen in young children, typically in the first few months of life, caused by enlargement of the tissue in the pyloric muscle. [5] [4] [1] This causes the contents of the stomach to be unable to empty leading to pain after eating, electrolyte abnormalities ...
In children, congenital pyloric stenosis / congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may be a cause. A pancreatic pseudocyst can cause gastric compression. Pyloric mucosal diaphragm could be a rare cause. Malignant Tumours of the stomach, including adenocarcinoma (and its linitis plastica variant), lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Infants with stenosis instead of atresia are often not discovered until several days after birth. [1] Some fetuses with bowel obstruction have abnormal chromosomes. An amniocentesis is recommended because it can determine not only the sex of the baby, but whether or not there is a problem with the chromosomes. [citation needed]
Cases without distal gas are usually related to duodenal atresia, while high obstruction with distal gas need an upper gastrointestinal series because of the need to distinguish duodenal web, duodenal stenosis and annular pancreas from midgut volvulus, the latter being a surgical emergency. Confirmation is ultimately by surgical intervention. [6]
Pyloric stenosis (in babies, this typically causes a very forceful "projectile vomiting" and is an indication for urgent surgery) Bowel obstruction; Overeating (stomach too full) Acute abdomen and/or peritonitis; Ileus; Food allergies (often in conjunction with hives or swelling) Cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis; Food poisoning