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Skeletons of a human and an elephant. Comparative foot morphology involves comparing the form of distal limb structures of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates.Understanding the role that the foot plays for each type of organism must take account of the differences in body type, foot shape, arrangement of structures, loading conditions and other variables.
Ape skeletons. A display at the Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge.From left to right: Bornean orangutan, two western gorillas, chimpanzee, human. The evolution of human bipedalism, which began in primates approximately four million years ago, [1] or as early as seven million years ago with Sahelanthropus, [2] [3] or approximately twelve million years ago with Danuvius guggenmosi, has ...
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny [ 1 ] (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era , continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons ...
There are structural differences between the limb anatomy of plantigrades, unguligrades, and digitigrades. Digitigrade and unguligrade animals have relatively long carpals and tarsals, and the bones which correspond to the human ankle are thus set much higher in the limb than in a human. In a digitigrade animal, this effectively lengthens the ...
There are three cuneiform ("wedge-shaped") bones in the human foot: the first or medial cuneiform; the second or intermediate cuneiform, also known as the middle cuneiform; the third or lateral cuneiform; They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. [1]
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion . In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [ clarification needed ] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
Human_skeleton_diagram.png: (Source: Collier's New Encyclopedia, VIII (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, 1921), p. 446. derivative work: GregorDS ( talk ) 09:18, 21 December 2011 (UTC) This is a retouched picture , which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version.
In the human body, the tarsus (pl.: tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus. It is made up of the midfoot (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, and navicular) and hindfoot (talus and calcaneus).