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The Khilafat movement (1919–22) was a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims in British India over British policy against Turkey and the planned dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I by Allied forces. [1] [2] [3]
The Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) [40] was a Pan-Islamist [40] political movement in British India in the aftermath of World War I. [40] [41] Khilafat activists sought to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a uniting symbol of Islam, [40] [41] particularly in India, attempting to pressure the British government to preserve the caliph's authority ...
The potential abolition of the caliphate had been actively opposed by the Indian-based Khilafat Movement, [1] and generated heated debate throughout the Muslim world. [4] The 1924 abolition came about less than 18 months after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, prior to which the Ottoman sultan was ex officio caliph.
The members were constantly informed about the Khilafat Movement which tried to protect the position of caliphate. However, the new Ottoman parliament deputies elected after the armistice met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions of independence (Misak-ı Milli (National Oath)) on 12 February 1920.
The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified.The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire.
Map with the kingdom in green and the current region in red. An attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style following the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate was made by Hussein bin Ali , King of Hejaz and Sharif of Mecca , who assumed both on 11 March 1924 and held them until 3 October 1924, when he passed the kingship to his son Ali bin ...
While in Istanbul self-determination and protection of the Ottoman Empire were voiced, the Khilafat Movement in India tried to influence the British government to protect the caliphate of the Ottoman Empire, and though it was primarily a Muslim religious movement, the Khilafat struggle was becoming a part of the wider Indian independence movement.
The process was not utopian (in the sense that it is not one leader's idea of how a perfect society should be, but it is a unifying force of a nation), in that Atatürk united the Turkish Muslim majority from 1919 to 1922 in the Turkish War of Independence, and expelled foreign forces occupying what the Turkish National Movement considered to ...