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  2. Voltaire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire

    The town of Ferney, where Voltaire lived out the last 20 years of his life, was officially named Ferney-Voltaire in honor of its most famous resident, in 1878. [272] His château is a museum. Voltaire's library is preserved intact in the National Library of Russia at Saint Petersburg .

  3. Confucius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

    His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, harmonious social relationships, righteousness, kindness, sincerity, and a ruler's responsibilities to lead by virtue. [2] Confucius considered himself a transmitter for the values of earlier periods which he claimed had been abandoned in his time.

  4. Niccolò Machiavelli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolò_Machiavelli

    As a result, a ruler must be concerned not only with reputation, but also must be positively willing to act unscrupulously at the right times. Machiavelli believed that, for a ruler, it was better to be widely feared than to be greatly loved; a loved ruler retains authority by obligation, while a feared leader rules by fear of punishment. [43]

  5. Enlightened absolutism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism

    Guo quotes Benjamin I. Schwartz as describing the features of "a truly Legalist 'enlightened ruler ' ": [26] He must be anything but an arbitrary despot if one means by a despot a tyrant who follows all his impulses, whims and passions. Once the systems which maintain the entire structure are in place, he must not interfere with their operation.

  6. Philosopher king - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher_king

    The philosopher king is a hypothetical ruler in whom political skill is combined with philosophical knowledge. The concept of a city-state ruled by philosophers is first explored in Plato's Republic, written around 375 BC. Plato argued that the ideal state – one which ensured the maximum possible happiness for all its citizens – could only ...

  7. 100 of the Best Quotes from Famous People - AOL

    www.aol.com/100-best-quotes-famous-people...

    Family quotes from famous people. 11. “In America, there are two classes of travel—first class and with children.” —Robert Benchley (July 1934) 12. “There is no such thing as fun for the ...

  8. The Prince - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prince

    Machiavelli offers two rulers to imitate, Agathocles of Syracuse and Oliverotto Euffreducci. After Agathocles became Praetor of Syracuse, he called a meeting of the city's elite. At his signal, his soldiers killed all the senators and the wealthiest citizens, completely destroying the old oligarchy. He declared himself ruler with no opposition.

  9. The Twelve Caesars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars

    Several times Suetonius quotes Caesar. Suetonius includes Caesar's famous decree, "Veni, vidi, vici" (I came, I saw, I conquered). In discussing Caesar's war against Pompey the Great, Suetonius quotes Caesar during a battle that he nearly lost, "That man [Pompey] does not know how to win a war."