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Two common hookworm infections in humans are ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, caused by the species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus respectively. Hookworm eggs are deposited in the stools of infected people. If these end up in the environment, they can hatch into larvae (immature worms), which can then penetrate the skin. One type ...
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
The adult forms are essentially parasites of humans, causing soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), but also infect domesticated mammals. The juveniles are the infective forms and they undergo tissue-migratory stages during which they invade vital organs such as lungs and liver. Thus the disease manifestations can be both local and systemic.
Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae).The parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals; they should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
Lifecycle of a hookworm Cutaneous larvae migrans. Necatoriasis is caused by N. americanus. N. americanus can be divided into two areas – larvae and adult stage. The third stage larvae are guided to human skin by following thermal gradients. [3] Typically, the larvae enter through the hands and feet following contact with contaminated soil.
Food poisoning, also known as foodborne illness, is a common sickness caused by swallowing food or liquids that contain harmful bacteria, viruses or parasites, and sometimes even chemicals.
During the 1910s, common treatments for hookworm included thymol, 2-naphthol, chloroform, gasoline, and eucalyptus oil. [8] By the 1940s, the treatment of choice was tetrachloroethylene, [9] given as 3 to 4 cc in the fasting state, followed by 30 to 45 g of sodium sulfate. Tetrachloroethylene was reported to have a cure rate of 80 percent for ...
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.