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Japanese verb conjugations are independent of person, number and gender (they do not depend on whether the subject is I, you, he, she, we, etc.); the conjugated forms can express meanings such as negation, present and past tense, volition, passive voice, causation, imperative and conditional mood, and ability.
Preterite perfect indicative – temos falado ("we have been speaking"; see "Preterite vs. present perfect" below). Haver is not used nowadays. This tense may also be equivalent to the simple preterite for some fixed expressions, such as Tenho dito/concluído. Pluperfect indicative – tínhamos/havíamos falado ("we had spoken")
The remote pluperfect is formed by using the preterite of the appropriate auxiliary verb plus the past participle. In the Italian consecutio temporum, the trapassato remoto should be used for completed actions in a clause subjugated to a clause whose verb is in the preterite. Example (remote pluperfect): "Dopo che lo ebbi trovato, lo vendetti".
The preterite or preterit (/ ˈ p r ɛ t ər ɪ t / PRET-ər-it; abbreviated PRET or PRT) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.
Six morphological forms for tenses, aspects, and/or moods—present, preterite, imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional. Three (or four) moods—indicative, subjunctive, imperative (and conditional, according to some authors) Classes with an asterisk are entirely periphrastic. The passive voice can be constructed in two different ways.
The pluperfect represents any meaning which the perfect tense can have, but transferred to a reference time in the past. Prior event. The pluperfect can be used as in English to describe an event that had happened earlier than the time of the narrative: quae gēns paucīs ante mēnsibus ad Caesarem lēgātōs mīserat (Caesar) [194]
Japanese adjectives are unusual in being closed class but quite numerous – about 700 adjectives – while most languages with closed class adjectives have very few. [7] [8] Some believe this is due to a grammatical change of inflection from an aspect system to a tense system, with adjectives predating the change.
The pluperfect subjunctive developed into an imperfect subjunctive in all languages except Romansh, where it became a conditional, and Romanian, where it became a pluperfect indicative. The future perfect indicative became a future subjunctive in Old Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician .