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A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Below are some common spanner sizes for metric screw threads. Hexagonal (generally abbreviated to "hex") head widths (width across flats, spanner size) are for DIN 934 hex nuts and hex head bolts. Other (usually smaller) sizes may occur to reduce weight or cost, including the small series flange bolts defined in ISO 4162 which typically have ...
Such an appropriately sized drill is called a tap drill for that size of thread, because it is a correct drill to be followed by the tap. Many thread sizes have several possible tap drills, because they yield threads of varying thread depth between 50% and 100%.
Even though #14 and #16 screws are still available, they are not as common as sizes #0 through #12. [citation needed] Sometimes "special" diameter and pitch combinations (UNS) are used, for example a 0.619 in (15.7 mm) major diameter with 20 threads per inch. UNS threads are rarely used for bolts, but rather on nuts, tapped holes, and threaded ODs.
The major diameter is given by 6p 1.2, [4]: 12 rounded to two significant figures in mm and the hex head size (across the flats) is 1.75 times the major diameter. BA sizes are specified by the following British Standards: BS 57:1951 — B.A. screws, bolts and nuts
Confusion can arise because each Whitworth hexagon was originally one size larger than that of the corresponding BSF fastener. This leads to instances where for example, a spanner marked 7 ⁄ 16 BSF is the same size as one marked 3 ⁄ 8 W. In both cases the spanner jaw width of 0.710 in, the width across the hexagon flat, is the same.
Nominal (thread) sizes range from 0.1875 to 0.375 in (4.763 to 9.525 mm) and lengths from 1.25 to 5 in (32 to 127 mm). Typically an installer uses a hammer drill to make a pilot hole for each concrete screw and a powered impact driver to drive the screw. The drill hole should be 1/2" longer than the depth penetration of the screw.
An adjustable spanner (UK and most other English-speaking countries), also called a shifting spanner (Australia and New Zealand) [1] or adjustable wrench (US and Canada), [a] is any of various styles of spanner (wrench) with a movable jaw, allowing it to be used with different sizes of fastener head (nut, bolt, etc.) rather than just one fastener size, as with a conventional fixed spanner.