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Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic quantum gravity case. It is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Albert Einstein 's geometric formulation rather than the treatment of gravity as a mysterious ...
Hermann Nicolai, Kasper Peeters, Marija Zamaklar, "Loop Quantum Gravity: An Outside View," e-print available as hep-th/0501114. "Loop and Spin Foam Quantum Gravity: A Brief Guide for beginners" arXiv:hep-th/0601129 H. Nicolai and K. Peeters. Edward Witten, "Quantum Background Independence In String Theory," e-print available as hep-th/9306122.
The loop representation also provides a natural solution of the spatial diffeomorphism constraint, making a connection between canonical quantum gravity and knot theory. Surprisingly there were a class of loop states that provided exact (if only formal) solutions to Ashtekar's original (ill-defined) Wheeler–DeWitt equation .
The distinguishing feature of LQC is the prominent role played by the quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity (LQG). In particular, quantum geometry creates a brand new repulsive force which is totally negligible at low space-time curvature but rises very rapidly in the Planck regime , overwhelming the classical gravitational ...
Loop quantum gravity theories, in contrast, place the origin and subsequently, the age of elementary particles, and the age of Lorentz invariance, beyond 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago. The permanence of Lorentz invariance constants is based on elementary particles and their features.
Abhay Vasant Ashtekar (born 5 July 1949) is an Indian theoretical physicist who created Ashtekar variables and is one of the founders of loop quantum gravity and its subfield loop quantum cosmology. [2] Ashtekar has also written a number of descriptions of loop quantum gravity that are accessible to non-physicists.
In loop quantum gravity (LQG), a spin network represents a "quantum state" of the gravitational field on a 3-dimensional hypersurface. The set of all possible spin networks (or, more accurately, "s-knots" – that is, equivalence classes of spin networks under diffeomorphisms) is countable; it constitutes a basis of LQG Hilbert space.
Motivated by such philosophy of loop quantum gravity, recently it has been shown [12] that such conceptions can be realized through some elementary constructions based on the refinement of the first axiom of geometry, namely, the concept of a point [13] by considering Klein's prescription of accounting for the extension of a small spot that ...