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New England is the oldest clearly defined region of the United States, being settled more than 150 years before the American Revolution.The first colony in New England was Plymouth Colony, established in 1620 by the Puritan Pilgrims who were fleeing religious persecution in England.
New England Colonies Coat of Arms/Seal Name Capital Year(s) Colony type Notes Plymouth: Plymouth: 1620–1686 1689–1691: Self-governing: Merged into the Dominion of New England in 1686, reformed in 1689, and then merged into Massachusetts in 1691 Massachusetts Bay: Charlestown Salem Boston: 1628–1686 1689–1691: Self-governing
The colonists to New England were mostly families with some education who were leading relatively prosperous lives in England. [2] One modern writer, however, estimates that 7 to 10 percent of the colonists returned to England after 1640, including about a third of the clergymen.
A second ship arrived in November 1621 named the Fortune, sent by the Merchant Adventurers one year after the Pilgrims first set foot in New England. It arrived with 37 new settlers for Plymouth. However, the ship had arrived unexpectedly and also without many supplies, so the additional settlers put a strain on the resources of the colony.
The Pilgrims, also known as the Pilgrim Fathers, were the English settlers who travelled to North America on the ship Mayflower and established the Plymouth Colony at what now is Plymouth, Massachusetts. John Smith had named this territory New Plymouth in 1620, sharing the name of the Pilgrims' final departure port of Plymouth, Devon.
The settlers suffered terrible hardships in its early years, including sickness, starvation, and native attacks. By early 1610, most of the settlers had died due to starvation and disease. [3] With resupply and additional immigrants, it managed to endure, becoming America's first permanent English colony. [4]
Map depicting tribal distribution in southern New England, c. 1600; the political boundaries shown are modern Before the arrival of European colonists on the eastern shore of New England, the area around Massachusetts Bay was the territory of several Algonquian-speaking peoples, including the Massachusetts, Nausets, and Wampanoags.
Agricultural activity existed in New England before European settlers arrived in the region. By the time colonizers arrived, "Native American agriculture in southern New England had developed into a well-ordered system". [4] The majority of the civilian diet came from corn (maize), which was planted "in hills in clearings the Native cut in the ...