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To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission. [2] [3] [4] Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network ...
It is termed protocol-independent because PIM does not include its own topology discovery mechanism, but instead uses routing information supplied by other routing protocols. PIM is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol; it can make use of any unicast routing protocol in use on the network. PIM does not build its own routing tables.
In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level, where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a multicast destination address. Multicast is often employed in Internet Protocol (IP) applications of streaming media , such as IPTV and multipoint videoconferencing .
On the local network, multicast delivery is controlled by IGMP (on IPv4 network) and MLD (on IPv6 network); inside a routing domain, PIM or MOSPF are used; between routing domains, one uses inter-domain multicast routing protocols, such as MBGP. The following are some common delivery and routing protocols used for multicast distribution:
The All Hosts multicast group addresses all hosts on the same network segment. No 224.0.0.2 The All Routers multicast group addresses all routers on the same network segment. No 224.0.0.4 This address is used in the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) to address multicast routers. No 224.0.0.5
The Multicast MAnet Routing Protocol (MMARP) aims to provide multicast routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) taking into account interoperation with fixed IP networks with support of IGMP/MLD protocol. This is achieved by the Multicast Internet Gateway (MIG) which is an ad hoc node itself and is responsible for notifying access routers ...
The router generates a routing table with the multicast group of which it has knowledge with corresponding distances (i.e. number of devices/routers between the router and the destination). When a multicast packet is received by a router, it is forwarded by the router's interfaces specified in the routing table.
Routing protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism: IS-IS runs on the data link layer (Layer 2) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is encapsulated in IP, but runs only on the IPv4 subnet, while the IPv6 version runs on the link using only link ...