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In the early technical applications as lubricants and rust inhibitors, the products dark brown color and black, tar-like polymer residues was unproblematic. However, for later use in cleaners and detergents, clear (meaning polymer-free) and less dark colored alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) were needed.
Rust converters are chemical solutions or primers that can be applied directly to an iron or iron alloy surface to convert iron oxides into a protective chemical barrier. These compounds interact with iron oxides, especially iron(III) oxide , converting them into an adherent black layer ( black oxide ) that is more resistant to moisture and ...
Fuel additives in the United States are regulated under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (as amended in January 1995). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in the United States, [8] and may require testing and ban harmful additives.
Petroleum-based rust-inhibitors provide several benefits, including the ability to creep over metal, covering missed areas. [citation needed] Additionally, a petroleum, solvent-free rust inhibitor remains on the metal surface, sealing it from rust-accelerating water and oxygen. Other benefits of petroleum-based rust protection include the self ...
Salen is a typical metal-deactivator. Metal deactivators, or metal deactivating agents (MDA) are fuel additives and oil additives used to stabilize fluids by deactivating (usually by sequestering) metal ions, mostly introduced by the action of naturally occurring acids in the fuel and acids generated in lubricants by oxidative processes with the metallic parts of the systems.
Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-based RDRP) is a member of the class of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. [1] In this system, various copper species are employed as the transition-metal catalyst for reversible activation/deactivation of the propagating chains responsible for uniform polymer chain growth.
Most ATFs contain some combination of additives that improve lubricating qualities, [1] [2] [3] such as anti-wear additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants and surfactants (which protect and clean metal surfaces); kinematic viscosity and viscosity index improvers and modifiers, seal swell additives and agents (which ...
Dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid (DINNSA) is an organic chemical, an aryl sulfonic acid.Its melting point is 259.5 °C and its boiling point is 600.4 °C. It has very low water solubility.