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Distance can be defined as the separation between the self and other instances like persons, events, knowledge, or time. [1] Psychological distance was first defined in Trope and Liberman's Construal Level Theory (CLT). [2] However, Trope and Liberman only identified temporal distance as a separator.
When the temporal separation was constant and the spatial separation between the dots varied, they observed the kappa effect, which follows the constant velocity hypothesis. However, when both the temporal and spatial separation between the dots varied, they failed to observe the response pattern that the constant velocity hypothesis predicts.
Perceptions are affected by construal level theory in almost all aspects of psychology. [2] Strong relationships and similarities have been found between different types of psychological distances. These include temporal, spatial, personal, and social distance. [2] When distance on one of these levels increases, the other levels also increase.
The Kappa effect or perceptual time dilation [55] is a form of temporal illusion verifiable by experiment. [56] The temporal duration between a sequence of consecutive stimuli is thought to be relatively longer or shorter than its actual elapsed time, due to the spatial/auditory/tactile separation between each consecutive stimuli.
Spatial intelligence is an area in the theory of multiple intelligences that deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's eye. It is defined by Howard Gardner as a human computational capacity that provides the ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems of navigation, visualization of objects from different angles and space, faces or scenes recognition, or to ...
Spatial-temporal reasoning is the ability to visualize special patterns and mentally manipulate them over a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations. [1] Spatial visualization ability is the ability to manipulate mentally two- and three-dimensional figures.
Spatial–temporal reasoning is an area of artificial intelligence that draws from the fields of computer science, cognitive science, and cognitive psychology.The theoretic goal—on the cognitive side—involves representing and reasoning spatial-temporal knowledge in mind.
The tau effect is a spatial perceptual illusion that arises when observers judge the distance between consecutive stimuli in a stimulus sequence. When the distance from one stimulus to the next is constant, and the time elapsed from one stimulus to the next is also constant, subjects tend to judge the distances, correctly, as equal.