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Calculation of the after-tax NPV of the operating cost stream Applying a sinking fund amortization factor to the after-tax amount of any salvage value. In mathematical notation, for assets subject to the general half-year rule of CCA calculation, this is expressed as:
Here is an example of GBE calculation adopted from Piryonesi (2019). [1] This example belongs to a road in the LTPP database. This road is made of the following layers: subbase, base, and three layers of hot mixed asphalt concrete. Their thicknesses are given in millimeters in the following table. The total GBE for this road 805.7 millimeters.
While the two different methods modeled similar water surface shapes, the standard step method predicted that the flow would take a greater distance to reach normal depth upstream and downstream of the gate. This stretching is caused by the errors associated with assuming average gradients between two stations of interest during our calculations.
To ensure identification of the composite model, each composite must be correlated with at least one variable not forming the composite. Additionally to this non-isolation condition, each composite needs to be normalized, e.g., by fixing one weight per composite, the length of each weight vector, or the composite’s variance to a certain value. [2]
For rigid pavements, design the pavement to reach a standard flexural stress of 2.75 MPa at the bottom of the cement concrete layer according to Westergaard theory Calculate the single wheel load, inflated at 1.25 MPa, that would require the same pavement – this is the Derived Single Wheel Load (DSWL)
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
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The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) is a United States trade association of manufacturers of concrete and masonry products. [2] The association was founded in 1918. NCMA publishes methods and specifications, which are used by the industry, and are cited within professional manuals.