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X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, ...
Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.
X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface. For an infinite crystal , the diffracted pattern is concentrated in Dirac delta function like Bragg peaks .
An X-ray spectrograph consists of a high voltage power supply (50 kV or 100 kV), a broad band X-ray tube, usually with a tungsten anode and a beryllium window, a specimen holder, an analyzing crystal, a goniometer, and an X-ray detector device. These are arranged as shown in Fig. 1.
This corresponds to the process in the iron case: with iron, a 2p electron is excited to a 3d state by an X-ray of about 700 eV. [3] Because the 3d electron states are the origin of the magnetic properties of the elements, the spectra contain information on the magnetic properties.
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons.It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely used tool in optical spectroscopy, with the difference being that the wavelengths of the exciting photons fall in the X-ray regime and the corresponding excitations are from deep core electrons.
The X-ray Grating Spectrometer (XGS): The XGS will provide even higher spectral resolution (R = 5,000 with a goal of 7,500) in the soft X-ray band for point sources. Compared to the current state of the art , the XGS provides a factor of > 5 higher spectral resolution and a factor of several hundred higher throughput. These gains are enabled by ...