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In poetry, a stanza (/ ˈ s t æ n z ə /; from Italian stanza, Italian:; lit. ' room ' ) is a group of lines within a poem, usually set off from others by a blank line or indentation . [ 1 ] Stanzas can have regular rhyme and metrical schemes , but they are not required to have either.
The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene (1590–96). Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single ' alexandrine ' line in iambic hexameter .
The Spenserian stanza varies from iambic pentameter in its final line, which is a line of iambic hexameter, or in other words an English alexandrine. In the seventeenth century, John Milton experimented by extending the seventh line of the rhyme royal stanza itself into an alexandrine in "On the Death of a Fair Infant Dying of a Cough" and for ...
Envoi (or envoy): the brief stanza that ends French poetic forms such as the ballade or sestina. Ghazal; Octave: an 8-line stanza or poem. Ottava rima: an Italian stanza of eight 11-syllable lines, with a rhyme scheme of ABABABCC. Quatorzain; Quatrain: a 4-line poem or stanza; Quintain; Rhyme royal: a stanza of seven 10-syllable lines, with ...
Like the Shakespearean sonnet, the Onegin stanza may be divided into three quatrains and a closing couplet (normally without stanza breaks or indentations), and it has a total of seven rhymes, rather than the four or five rhymes of the Petrarchan sonnet. Because the second quatrain (lines 5–8) consists of two independent couplets, the poet ...
The favoured tail rhyme stanza forms, too, also shortened, with fewer examples of the twelve- and sixteen-line tail rhyme stanzas that had proved successful in Middle English. [16] From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, the most popular tail rhyme stanza was AABCCB, with the main lines in tetrameter and the B-lines in either trimeter or ...
Examples include the tanka, the cinquain, the quintilla, Shakespeare's Sonnet 99, ... Sonnet 99 (first stanza) The forward violet thus did I chide:
There are two refrains and two repeating rhymes, with the first and third line of the first tercet repeated alternately until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines. The villanelle is an example of a fixed versed form. Tanka – a classical Japanese poem, composed in Japanese (rather than Chinese, as with kanshi)