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  2. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    To focus an object 1 m away (s 1 = 1,000 mm), the lens must be moved 2.6 mm farther away from the film plane, to s 2 = 52.6 mm. The focal length of a lens determines the magnification at which it images distant objects. It is equal to the distance between the image plane and a pinhole that images distant objects the same size as the lens in ...

  3. Parabola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola

    It is shown above that this distance equals the focal length of the parabola, which is the distance from the vertex to the focus. The focus and the point F are therefore equally distant from the vertex, along the same line, which implies that they are the same point. Therefore, the point F, defined above, is the focus of the parabola.

  4. Eccentricity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(mathematics)

    A family of conic sections of varying eccentricity share a focus point and directrix line, including an ellipse (red, e = 1/2), a parabola (green, e = 1), and a hyperbola (blue, e = 2). The conic of eccentricity 0 in this figure is an infinitesimal circle centered at the focus, and the conic of eccentricity ∞ is an infinitesimally separated ...

  5. Ellipse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse

    An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.

  6. Conic section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic_section

    A circle of finite radius has an infinitely distant directrix, while a pair of lines of finite separation have an infinitely distant focus. Alternatively, one can define a conic section purely in terms of plane geometry: it is the locus of all points P whose distance to a fixed point F (called the focus ) is a constant multiple e (called the ...

  7. f-number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number

    The f-number N is given by: = where f is the focal length, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil (effective aperture).It is customary to write f-numbers preceded by "f /", which forms a mathematical expression of the entrance pupil's diameter in terms of f and N. [1]

  8. Focus (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(geometry)

    In geometry, focuses or foci (/ ˈ f oʊ k aɪ /; sg.: focus) are special points with reference to which any of a variety of curves is constructed. For example, one or two foci can be used in defining conic sections , the four types of which are the circle , ellipse , parabola , and hyperbola .

  9. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2 × 2 ray transfer matrix which operates on a vector describing an incoming light ray to calculate the outgoing ray. Multiplication of the successive matrices thus yields a concise ray transfer matrix describing the entire optical system.