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An infrared heater or heat lamp is a heating appliance containing a high-temperature emitter that transfers energy to a cooler object through electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the temperature of the emitter, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 750 nm to 1 mm.
The development of quartz halogen linear lamps allowed much higher power density up to 200 watts/inch of lamp (8 w/mm), useful for industrial heating, drying and processing applications. [3] By adjusting the voltage applied to incandescent lamps, the spectrum of the radiated energy can be made to reduce visible light and emphasize infrared ...
A 50-hour-life projection bulb, for instance, is designed to operate only 50 °C (122 °F) below that melting point. Such a lamp may achieve up to 22 lumens per watt, compared with 17.5 for a 750-hour general service lamp. [76] Lamps of the same power rating but designed for different voltages have different luminous efficacy.
IXL (or I.X.L.) is an historical freedmen's town [1] in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. [2] While founded perhaps as early as 1900, [1] it was only incorporated in 2001 [3] and had an estimated population of 59 in 2007. [4] The population was 59 at the time of the 2020 census. [5] The source of IXL's unusual [6] name is disputed.
The heat produced by incandescent light bulbs is frequently seen as a drawback, but it is seen as an advantage in certain applications. For example, automotive applications in cold climates benefit from the radiated heat as it melts potentially visually-obstructive snow and ice on warning lights and signs.
Gas mantle in a street lamp (cold) Mantles in their unused flat-packed form. To produce a mantle, cotton is woven or knit into a net bag, impregnated with soluble nitrates of the chosen metals, and then transported to its destination. The user installs the mantle and then burns it to remove the cotton bag and convert the metal nitrates to ...
The introduction of the metal vapor lamp, including various metals within the discharge tube, was a later advance. The heat of the gas discharge vaporizes some of the metal and the discharge is then produced almost exclusively by the metal vapor. The usual metals are sodium and mercury owing to their visible spectrum emission.
As they heat up during operation, however, the internal gas pressure within the arc tube rises and a higher voltage is required to maintain the arc discharge. As a lamp gets older, the voltage necessary to maintain the arc eventually rises to exceed the voltage provided by the electrical ballast. As the lamp heats to this point, the arc fails ...