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Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
The absence of a cone of light does not necessarily signify an ear disorder, as it could be due to the slope of the tympanic membrane or the shape of the ear canal. [4] However, distortions in the cone of light can also be a sign of increased middle ear pressure or otitis media.
The retracted segment of eardrum is often known as a retraction pocket. The terms atelectasis or sometimes adhesive otitis media can be used to describe retraction of a large area of the pars tensa. Tympanic membrane retraction is fairly common and has been observed in one quarter of a population of British school children. [1]
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear).. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the ...
Whilst hearing loss is a common symptom in many diseases of the ear, for example in otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in the ear), [3] the white, chalky patches on the tympanic membrane are fairly characteristic of tympanosclerosis. Cholesteatoma is similar in appearance but the whiteness is behind the tympanic membrane, rather than inside.
An otoscope enables viewing and examination of the ear canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum). [2] As the eardrum is the border between the external ear canal and the middle ear, its characteristics can indicate various diseases of the middle ear space.
Perforated tympanic membrane: Discharge followed by pain improvement Mastoiditis* Children History of URI >10 days Recent history of URI or ear infection Fevers/chills May see signs of otitis media on exam Pain is located behind the ear with postauricular (i.e. near mastoid process) swelling* Diagnose with CT Chronic suppurative otitis media