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Another form of amylase, β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2 ) (alternative names: 1,4-α-D-glucan maltohydrolase; glycogenase; saccharogen amylase) is also synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and plants. Working from the non-reducing end, β-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond, cleaving off two glucose units at a
α-Amylase is an enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1; systematic name 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) that hydrolyses α bonds of large, α-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose, through the following biochemical process: [2]
The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland.The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e., it has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function.
The following enzymes/hormones are produced in the duodenum: secretin: This is an endocrine hormone produced by the duodenal "S cells" in response to the acidity of the gastric chyme. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a unique peptide released by the duodenal "I cells" in response to chyme containing high fat or protein content.
The first cells of all of the glands are mucus-secreting foveolar cells that line the gastric pits. The mucus produced here is less acidic than that produced by the mucous neck cells. Fundic glands found in the fundus and also in the body have another two cell types–gastric chief cells and parietal cells (oxyntic cells).
A peptide hormone, gastrin, produced by G cells in the gastric glands, stimulates the production of gastric juice which activates the digestive enzymes. Pepsinogen is a precursor enzyme produced by the gastric chief cells, and gastric acid activates this to the enzyme pepsin which begins the digestion of proteins. As these two chemicals would ...
About 20,000 protein-coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in normal, adult salivary glands. [19] [20] Less than 100 genes are more specifically expressed in the salivary gland. The salivary gland specific genes are mainly genes that encode for secreted proteins and compared to other organs in the human ...
About 20,000 protein-coding genes are expressed in human cells and nearly 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal stomach. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Just over 150 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the stomach compared to other organs, with only some 20 genes being highly specific.