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It is expected that low doses of diphenhydramine taken occasionally will cause no adverse effects in breastfed infants. Large doses and long-term use may affect the baby or reduce breast milk supply, especially when combined with sympathomimetic drugs , such as pseudoephedrine, or before the establishment of lactation.
Common side effects of dimenhydrinate may include drowsiness, dry mouth, nose, or throat, constipation, and blurred vision. Some individuals, particularly children, may experience feelings of restlessness or excitement. In certain cases, more severe symptoms may arise, such as delirium, weakness, and a tendency to be easily startled.
The most common adverse effects noted for second-generation agents include drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nausea and dry mouth. [ 4 ] Continuous and/or cumulative use of anticholinergic medications, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia in older people.
The evidence does not report how antihistamines affect women differently than men. [1] Different studies have reported on antihistamine use in children, with various studies finding evidence that certain antihistamines could be used by children 2 years of age, and other drugs being safer for younger or older children. [1]
Clemastine does also act as FIASMA (functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase). [10] Clemastine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and peak plasma concentrations are attained in 2–4 hours. Antihistamines are thought to be metabolized in the liver, mostly by mono-/didemethylation and glucuronide conjugation.
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol, Dramamine) Doxylamine (Bonjesta, Unisom) Mirtazapine (Remeron) is an antidepressant that also has antiemetic effects. [5] [6] It is a potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist, K i =1.6 nM, [7] and also exhibits notable 5-HT 3 antagonism. [6] Meclizine (Bonine, Antivert)
Pheniramine (trade name Avil among others) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria.It has relatively strong sedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine.
It is sold under the brand names Bonine, Bonamine, Antivert, Postafen, Sea Legs, and Dramamine II (Less Drowsy Formulation). Emesafene is a combination of meclizine (1/3) and pyridoxine (2/3). In Canada, Antivert Tab was a combination of meclizine and nicotinic acid .