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The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh [a] (/ t ɑː ˈ n ɑː x /; [1] Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ tanaḵ, תָּנָ״ךְ tānāḵ or תְּנַ״ךְ tənaḵ) also known in Hebrew as Miqra (/ m iː ˈ k r ɑː /; Hebrew: מִקְרָא miqrāʾ), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. [1]
The Torah is also considered a sacred book outside Judaism; in Samaritanism, the Samaritan Pentateuch is a text of the Torah written in the Samaritan script and used as sacred scripture by the Samaritans; the Torah is also common among all the different versions of the Christian Old Testament; in Islam, the Tawrat (Arabic: توراة) is the ...
The earliest written sources refer to Biblical Hebrew as שפת כנען 'the language of Canaan'. [4] [5] The Hebrew Bible also calls the language יהודית 'Judaean, Judahite' [6] [5] In the Hellenistic period, Greek writings use the names Hebraios, Hebraïsti [7] and in Mishnaic Hebrew we find עברית 'Hebrew' and לשון עברית 'Hebrew language'.
The Protestant Old Testament is largely identical to what Jews call the Bible; the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Old Testament (held to by some Protestants as well) is based on the prevailing first century Greek translation of the Jewish Bible, the Septuagint. The Bible as used by Christianity consists of two parts: The Old Testament, largely ...
The Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) consists of 24 books of the Masoretic Text recognized by Rabbinic Judaism. [14] There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed, with some scholars arguing that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE), [15] while others arguing that it was not fixed until the 2nd century CE or even later. [16]
When the Bible was written has long been a point of debate among scholars. Researchers from Tel Aviv University say that they have compelling evidence the Old Testament was scribed sooner rather ...
The first division of the Jewish Bible is the Torah, meaning ' Instruction ' or ' Law '. In scholarly literature, it is frequently called by its Greek name, the Pentateuch (' five scrolls '). It is the group of five books made up of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy and stands first in all versions of the Christian Old Testament.