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Causes of encephalitis include viruses such as herpes simplex virus and rabies virus as well as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. [1] [2] Other causes include autoimmune diseases and certain medications. [2] In many cases the cause remains unknown. [2] Risk factors include a weak immune system. [2]
Viral encephalitis can be diagnosed based on the individual's symptoms, personal history, such as travel history, and different clinical tests such as histology, medical imaging, and lumbar punctures. A differential diagnosis can also be done to rule out other causes of the encephalitis. Many encephalitic viruses often have characteristic ...
Epstein Barr Virus encephalitis; Herpes simplex encephalitis; Influenza encephalitis; Japanese encephalitis; La Crosse encephalitis; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis by Arenavirus; Measles encephalitis; Mumps; Nipah virus encephalitis [1] Poliomyelitis; Progressive rubella panencephalitis, a late complication of congenital rubella syndrome; St ...
Ataxia usually goes away without any treatment. In cases where an underlying cause is identified, medical treatment may be needed. In extremely rare cases, patients can have continuing and disabling symptoms. Treatment includes corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange therapy. Drug treatment to improve muscle coordination ...
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of encephalitis, and one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors , infections , or it may be cryptogenic . The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. [4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be ...
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), or simply herpes encephalitis, is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [ 1 ] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births.
These symptoms are fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting and myalgias that persist for about 5 days. [1] [3] [5] Then, after approximately one week without symptoms, some of the infected develop neurological symptoms, i.e. meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Myelitis also occurs with or without encephalitis. [1] [3] [5] [6]