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Essential tremor (ET), also called benign tremor, familial tremor, and idiopathic tremor, is a medical condition characterized by involuntary rhythmic contractions and relaxations (oscillations or twitching movements) of certain muscle groups in one or more body parts of unknown cause. [6]
Essential tremor (sometimes inaccurately called benign essential tremor) is the most common of the more than 20 types of tremor. Although the tremor may be mild and nonprogressive in some people, in others, the tremor is slowly progressive, starting on one side of the body but affecting both sides within 3 years.
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by blood tests, medical imaging, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. [2] Certain types are preventable with vaccines. [5] Treatment may include antiviral medications (such as acyclovir), anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids. [1] Treatment generally takes place in hospital. [1]
Clinical findings are divided into major and minor symptoms. Major symptoms include intention tremor and gait ataxia. Minor symptoms such as parkinsonism, short-term memory deficit, and executive function decline can further contribute to a diagnosis of FXTAS. Radiological findings are similarly divided into major and minor categories.
Appearing in 70–75 percent of PD patients, [18] [19] tremor is often the predominant motor symptom. [18] Resting tremor is the most common, but kinetic tremors—occurring during voluntary movements—and postural tremor—preventing upright, stable posture—also occur. [19]
Essential tremor: 333.1 G25.0 Drug induced tremor G25.1 Other specified form of tremor G25.2 Myoclonus: 333.2 G25.3 Chorea (rapid, involuntary movement) Drug induced chorea: G25.4 Drug-induced tics and tics of organic origin 333.3 G25.6 Paroxysmal nocturnal limb movement G25.80 Painful legs (or arms), moving toes (or fingers) syndrome G25.81
It is hard to diagnose essential tremor and differentiate it from other types of tremor. [10] The burst discharge patterns of EMG signals is compared to the frequency and amplitude of videotaped tremors to evaluate and diagnose essential tremor.
Vocal tremor may also be seen in spasmodic dysphonia. [7] A mix and variance of these symptoms are found in mixed spasmodic dysphonia. [7] Symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia typically appear in middle-aged people, but have also been seen in people in their twenties, with symptoms emerging as young as teenage years. [6]